Wednesday, August 12, 2015

Why are beverages in aluminum and glass containers retain their carbonization for longer time, whereas those in two-liter plastic bottles “go flat” within a few months?

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One common item that presents some interesting material property requirements is the container for carbonated beverages.
The material used for this application must satisfy the following constraints:
(1) Should act a barrier to the passage of carbon dioxide, which is under pressure in
the container;
(2) Should be nontoxic, unreactive with the beverage, and, preferably be recyclable;
(3) Should be relatively strong, and capable of surviving a drop from a height of several feet when containing the beverage;
 (4)Should be inexpensive
 (5) if optically transparent, retain its optical clarity.
(6) capable of being produced having different colors and/or able to be adorned with
 decorative labels.
All three of the basic material types—metal (aluminum), ceramic (glass), and polymer (polyester

plastic)—are used for carbonated beverage containers .

Material
Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
Point 4
Point 5
Point 6
Metal (aluminum)
very good
barrier to the
diffusion of
carbon dioxide
Nontoxic
Unreactive
Recyclable
relatively
strong
(but easily
dented)
expensive to
produce
cans are
optically
opaque
 labels may
 be painted
 onto its
surface
ceramic
(glass)
impervious
 to the
passage of
carbon dioxide
w.r.t Aluminum
Nontoxic
Unreactive
Recyclable
allow
cracks
and
factures
easily,
Heavy
Inexpensive
in comparison
to Aluminum
optically
transparent
labels may
 be painted
 onto its
surface
polymer (polyester
plastic
more  impervious to the passage of
carbon dioxide
w.r.t  the aluminum and glass
Nontoxic
Unreactive
Recyclable
relatively
strong
than glass,
light
Cheapest
optically
transparent
and
optically
opaque
labels may
 be painted
 onto its
surface

Red: -ve point
Green: +ve point

Science and Bible :Part 2


Genesis: Chapter 2
Genesis Chapter 2 is good enough for a medieval mind which did not understand much of the universe.
So collectors, who collected the Bible from different sources, picked the verse which held God/Allah (A name for unknown origin) accountable for everything.
But there are some logical problems with this particular section.
1. This particular section ruled out existence of bacteria, virus and other micro-organisms.
Verse no.19 and no.5, 20, 21 logically eliminate the possibility of the existence of micro-organisms (bacteria, virus etc.).As Adam have given the name to everything which is created by “GOD”. If God/Allah created   bacteria, virus then Adam should have given them (micro organisms) some sort of names. This leads to a logical conclusion that mankind knew about micro-organisms even before birth of Christ!!!!!
But as a fact we know humanity was unaware of existence micro-organisms (bacteria, virus etc.) till 17th century.
2. Verse no. 8, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 is clear example of medieval and incomplete information of world map when these verses are written. These verses clearly shows the intention of writer treating Garden of Eden (probably imaginary as well) as a far better place (with ample amount of water) to live than the dry/dessert area in which he (writer) probably used to live.
3. Verse no.10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 clearly shows that writer did not know anything about much bigger rivers like Amazon, Ganga and Brahmputra. Due to his limited knowledge he (writer) wrote the name of locally known rivers.
4. Verse no. 21, 22 and 23 clearly shows these verses were written by some men, not by women.
5. Verse no. 21, 22 and 23 was foundation stones of suppression of women over which entire structure of suppression of women was later built  by church.
6. Verse no. 17 is the example of LIE which was spoken by God. As we know in upcoming chapter after eating “the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil or the fruit of tree of life”, Adam remains alive.
7. Verse no. 17 suggests that God didn’t want Adam to eat the fruits of the tree of knowledge of good and evil and the tree of life.
There are some serious question with his approach
(i). Why he told a lie to Adam? He could have made a wall/a force field or any other kind of mumbo-jumbo by magic to stop Adam.
 8. Verse no. 25 suggests God can create universe and stars but not pants!!!!
9. Why did God take Seven days to create universe? He could have done in a minute.






10. It does not explain the existence of newly found underwater cities in India such as Dawarka which are atleast as old as 7000-9000 BCE.
11. It does not explain why stars are fromed or destroyed even today in universe?
12. Why   stars have a age difference of millions of years?
This portion of Bible is good explanation of things and universe in ancient and medieval times when Human did not understand much of world around them.
So the writers of these verses held God (A name for unknown origin) accountable which they did not understand.