Tuesday, October 26, 2021

A Book Summary: EMINENT HISTORIANS Their technology, their line, their fraud by ARUN SHOURIE Part 3

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The Historians

1. A characteristic concoction

2. Eminent entrepreneurs!

3. How to do it!

4. A fitting tribute

5. When cornered, cry ‘Petty’,

‘Personal’, ‘Uncivilized’

6. ‘…after selling himself in the flesh market’

3. How to do it!: 

..................Why, the most eminent of them all, ‘Responsibility for compiling the Arabic, Persian and Urdu inscriptions was accepted by Professor Irfan Habib on the request of the ICHR,’ the records state. How kind! Everyone was to work in an ‘honorary capacity’ – but in the special sense in which these worthies use the term ‘honorary’! Each of the two ‘Main Editors’, the ‘Editorial Committee’ of the project decided in its meeting on 20 September 1990, would be paid ‘an honorarium’ of Rs 5,000/- for every four months. The ‘General Editor’ too would be paid an honorarium of Rs 3,000/- for every four months. A very important rule that – never take money, take honoraria! The committee also decided, ‘Professor Shrimali may be allowed to purchase relevant books in connection with the work of the project if the books are not supplied to him by the ICHR within a reasonable time’ – a bit of honorariness which every scholar would lust after!.....................

........................Ramesh now deployed the next weapon: ask for more! Fools will always throw in good money after bad. He wrote back saying that for him to do the work, the Council should appoint three more scholars to assist him [so helpful was he that he specified the names of the three also!], that the Council should provide him with a computer assistant, and also with rented accommodation! The chairman wrote pointing out that already Rs 45,000 had been paid to Ramesh, that seven years had passed, and asked how much more time was required. Another year ‘may be required’ if the terms he had proposed were met, Ramesh answered! In despair, Settar turned to Irfan Habib and Sharma again and ‘appealed’ to them to help out – another tactic: subalterns block the pass; the only way the fellow can hope to proceed is by beseeching, and thereby getting in the debt of the principals! Sharma recalled that he had already dissociated himself from the project – vide the ‘beneficiaries’ spat. In any event, the  two met Settar, and agreed to submit – by now you would have guessed – a revised project each!...............And, never forget, if the ICHR takes any step to bring them to account, if it takes any step to hand over the project to anyone else, it is doing so because these eminent historians are secular, and the Council is now set upon saffronizing history!

4. A fitting tribute:

In his question V.N. Gadgil had asked the minister to state ‘whether several hundred manuscripts are either missing from the Council’s custody or are totally damaged; if so, what action the government has taken in the matter.’ In its written reply to the Rajya Sabha the ministry stated, ‘The ICHR has informed that a few manuscripts are reportedly either missing or have not been sent to the Press for certain reasons. The Council have intimated that it has initiated action to ascertain whether any manuscript has been lost or appropriated otherwise.’

Another rat: see how the case of manuscripts which were ‘missing’ had been clubbed with that of manuscripts which ‘have not been sent to the Press for certain reasons.’ And how the case of manuscripts which have been lost had been clubbed with that of manuscripts which have been ‘appropriated otherwise’.

..........The ICHR at last took a step closer to the truth. It wrote, Yes, the Annual Reports confirm that the manuscript prepared by Dr Saran was indeed received in the Council. By now I had learnt a vital fact. Dr Saran had died. His son-in-law had written to the Council in 1995. He had pointed out that the Annual Reports of the Council had themselves stated that the manuscript had been received by the ICHR, and had added, ‘As we understand, this project of my father-in-law was to be later published by the ICHR. We are not aware if this has indeed been done by the ICHR although nearly 20 years have elapsed since the translation was completed, but we have been extremely disturbed to hear stories to the effect that not only has someone else published the translation as his own work, but that this has been done by a member of the staff of the ICHR…’

.......The Publications Section had said the manuscript had never been forwarded to it. That left the section which was in a sense responsible for overseeing the project – the Medieval Unit. The deputy director in charge of this unit said that the manuscript was not traceable in his unit. Not satisfied with the reply, the then director had once again urged the deputy director, Medieval Unit, ‘to do his best efforts [sic] to trace out the manuscript’. But the friends, all entangled in those ‘interlocking webs of mutual complicity’, intervened. And the inquiry was killed. Guess who obtained a PhD from Rajasthan University in 1992 by submitting ‘an annotated English translation of Arif Qandhari’s Tarikh-i- Akbari’. Guess who has published the book in his name. The very same deputy director in charge of the ICHR’s Medieval Unit – Tasneem Ahmad!...............

..................Not just the needs of history, therefore, those of secularism, of unity based on a composite culture too fulfilled! The dignitary writing the Foreword? Irfan Habib himself – who, among other things, has been chairman of the ICHR twice, and a member five times! And don’t miss the description of India – just the composite culture and unity which it has taken a long process to create! The unity of course being nothing but a manifestation of, and totally dependent on, that composite culture! So, composite culture it is. The compliments duly returned: ‘The first and foremost [sic],’ writes Tasneem Ahmad, ‘I express my profound sense of gratitude, very personal regards and respects to Professor Irfan Habib, who encouraged and guided me at every stage of the work. In spite of his very pressing engagements and pre-occupation, he ungrudgingly spared his valuable time to examine with care every intricate problem, arising out [sic] during the course of work.’ The debt to another of these eminences not forgotten either: ‘My debt to my revered teacher,’ writes Tasneem Ahmad, ‘Professor Satish Chandra is incalculable. He took great pains in reading and correcting the work and his considered suggestions have paid me rich dividend.’ ‘Examining with care every problem arising out during the course of work’? Taking ‘great pains in reading and correcting the work’? Advancing ‘considered suggestions’ which ‘pay rich dividend’? – when the entire manuscript has been lifted word for word from the work of Dr Parmatma Saran!


A Book Summary: EMINENT HISTORIANS Their technology, their line, their fraud by ARUN SHOURIE Part 2 Eminent entrepreneurs!

Please buy this book: 

Flipkart: https://www.flipkart.com/eminent-historians/p/itmeytznrckbgxrh

Good reads: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/651154.Eminent_Historians

Amazon: https://www.amazon.in/Eminent-Historians-Their-Technology-Fraud/dp/9351365913

The Historians

1. A characteristic concoction

2. Eminent entrepreneurs!

3. How to do it!

4. A fitting tribute

5. When cornered, cry ‘Petty’,

‘Personal’, ‘Uncivilized’

6. ‘…after selling himself in the flesh market’

2. Eminent entrepreneurs!

...............‘This is an old charge which keeps surfacing now and then,’ wrote one of those ‘eminent historians’, K.N. Panikkar, in response to an article of mine – the charge that close to two crores had been spent on the ‘Towards Freedom’ project of the Indian Council of Historical Research, and little had been achieved. ‘About a year back Times of India carried a front page story on this. The historians had then clarified through a public statement published in several newspapers, that they have not drawn any money from the ICHR and that they worked for five years purely in an honorary capacity. When he [that is, me] gets the information from the ministry, if he does, that the editors have not taken any money, I would normally expect Shourie to tender a public apology. But given the intellectual honesty and cultural level reflected in his article, I do not think it would be forthcoming. The alternative of suing for defamation the likes of Shourie is below one’s dignity. But I do expect at least the ministry to make a public statement on the factual position.’ Strong stuff, and definitive, one would think. It turns out that on 17 July 1998, in answer to a question tabled in the Rajya Sabha, the ministry stated that only one part of the project had been completed and published since the original volume of Dr P.N. Chopra. This was the volume – in three parts – by Dr Partha Sarthi Gupta covering 1943–44. In answer to another question, the ministry reported that ‘After publication of the volume he was paid an honorarium of Rs 25,000/- in September 1997.’ Dr Partha Sarthi Gupta, in other words, was the one editor who had completed the work which he had undertaken. For that he had been paid Rs 25,000. The others had not completed the work they had undertaken, they had therefore not been paid the Rs 25,000 which were to be paid to them only when their volumes were completed and published. That is how our friend was proclaiming that they had been toiling as social workers – we have been working in an honorary capacity, we have not taken a penny!

How many staff members and research assistants were used by these scholars? I inquired. What amounts were spent on them? What is the status of the volumes the scholars were to produce? I inquired. The answers of the ICHR for the period 1988–89 to 1997–98:


The moral is plain: do not rely on governments, do not rely on governmental institutions for national tasks; individuals, small groups dedicated to the country – they alone can do them for the country.

...........Later I learnt that the Rs 75,000/- which had been allotted to this ‘eminent historian’ for this project – ‘The Oral History Project’ – had been but a part, a small part of the total take. Bipan Chandra was given in addition rupees two lakh by the ICSSR and rupees four lakh through the Jawaharlal Nehru University. Neither institution received any manuscript in return. Actually this matter had become an issue when time came for this ‘eminent historian’ to retire from the JNU. The university, naturally, could not do without his eminence. A proposal was, therefore, put up to engage him again after retirement. The then registrar of the university pointed out that, according to the university’s rules, the retirement dues, etc., could not be settled, and a contract to engage Bipan Chandra again could not be entered into till the accounts for the four lakh had been submitted, and that Bipan Chandra had studiously neglected to furnish the accounts. No accounts came. The then vice chancellor papered over the matter. entered into till the accounts for the four lakh had been submitted, and that Bipan Chandra had studiously neglected to furnish the accounts. No accounts came. The then vice chancellor papered over the matter. As nothing but nothing had turned up in the ICHR in return for its grant, the second part of my query remained: what action had the ICHR taken in the matter? Eventually I was told, ‘No action has been initiated on this as Dr Bipan Chandra is stated to be still working on the project.’ That was the position nine years after his eminence had collected the money!........

...........commencing from page 16 of the Annual Report for 1973–1974, I wrote… The result? Eventually, the ministry conceded that such a project had indeed been undertaken. Nineteen volumes were to have been produced. The volumes were assigned to different scholars – our eminences as usual led the rest! Rs 12,000 were doled out for each volume. The result? Here, in the words of the ICHR, is a list of the period to be covered by the volume, the scholar to whom it was assigned, the money the scholar collected, and the result:

1. Before 1857: K. Rajayan: Rs 12,000; Submitted but not traceable.

2. 1857–1885: S.R. Mehrotra: Rs 12,000; Not submitted.

3. 1885–1886: Bipan Chandra: Rs 12,000; Not submitted.

4. 1896–98: Not assigned.

5. 1899–1902: B.R. Grover: Rs 12,000; Submitted and published.

6. 1902–1903: Not assigned.

7. 1903–1905: Not assigned.

8. 1905–1907: Sumit Sarkar: Rs 12,000; Not submitted.

9. 1907–1909: Sumit Sarkar: Rs 12,000; Not submitted.

10. 1910–1915: M.N. Das: Rs 12,000; Not submitted.

11. 1915–1919: T.K. Ravindran: Rs 12,000; Not submitted.

12. 1919–1920: V.N. Dutta: Rs 12,000; Submitted and published.

13. 1920–1922: Sita Ram Singh: Rs 12,000, Submitted, under production.

14. 1922–1924: Sreekumaran Nair: Rs 12,000; Submitted and published.

15. 1924–1926: Amba Prasad: Rs 12,000; Not submitted.

16. 1927–1929: Bimal Prasad: Rs 12,000; Not submitted.

17. 1930–1931: Bimal Prasad: Rs 12,000; Not submitted.

18. 1932–1934: Bipan Chandra: Rs 12,000; Not submitted.

19. 1934–1937: Gopal Krishna: Rs 12,000; Not submitted.

As you read the amounts, do remember that they were paid out in the mid-1970s, when they amounted to much, much more than they do in these days of scams.

.........What about the ‘Economic Data and Statistics Project,’ which was listed with such fanfare in the Annual Reports till some years ago? I asked. Six volumes were to be produced under it, the ICHR wrote. The authors, the subjects they were to cover in the volume assigned to them, the money which was paid to them, and the outcome, in the words of the ICHR, are as follows:

B.B. Chaudhuri: ‘Agriculture, Rent and Revenue’; Rs 12,000; Not submitted.

S. Bhattacharya: ‘Financial and Currency Policies’; Rs 12,000; Not submitted.

Surendra Gopal: ‘Trade (inland and foreign) in the 17th and 18th Centuries’; Rs 12,000; Not submitted.

Nilmoni Mukherjee: ‘Trade (inland and foreign) in 19th and 20th Centuries’; Rs 12,000; Not submitted.

A.K. Bagchi: ‘Indian Industries (1860–1939)’; Rs 12,000; Not submitted.

V.B. Singh: ‘Labour, Prices, and Wages (1914–45)’; Rs 12,000;

Submitted but not traceable. In a word, as against six volumes which were to have been published, not one has been published. The money having been disbursed, the project just disappeared from the radar screen!

The ICHR eventually disclosed that in fact authors were paid ‘a lump sum for translation rights’: Rs 1,000 per language per volume if the book was more than 200 pages, and Rs 500 per language per volume if the book was less than 200 pages. Hence, R.S. Sharma got a total of Rs 47,000 for his books; Bipan Chandra, Rs 14,000; Irfan Habib, Rs 11,000; Romila Thapar, Rs 12,000…. 


A Book Summary: EMINENT HISTORIANS Their technology, their line, their fraud by ARUN SHOURIE Part 1

 Please buy this book: 

Flipkart: https://www.flipkart.com/eminent-historians/p/itmeytznrckbgxrh

Good reads: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/651154.Eminent_Historians

Amazon: https://www.amazon.in/Eminent-Historians-Their-Technology-Fraud/dp/9351365913

The Historians

1. A characteristic concoction

2. Eminent entrepreneurs!

3. How to do it!

4. A fitting tribute

5. When cornered, cry ‘Petty’,

‘Personal’, ‘Uncivilized’

6. ‘…after selling himself in the flesh market’

A characteristic concoction:

............The next issue of the CPI(M) mouthpiece, Peoples Democracy, reproduced this editorial! And carried with it an article by one of the ringleaders, K.N. Panikkar. ‘Saffronisation of historical research,’ proclaimed the heading. Panikkar repeated the charge of the word ‘rational’ having been replaced by ‘national’. He added another: the Memorandum of Association of the ICHR mentions five objectives, he said, but the resolution put out by the saffron brigade mentions only two.

Thus, the charge rested on three bits of ‘evidence’, that the Memorandum of Association of the ICHR had been changed; second, that a word – ‘rational’ – in the resolution announcing the new members of the ICHR had been surreptitiously replaced by another word – ‘national’; third, that while the original Memorandum of Association had specified five objectives for the ICHR, the new resolution cut out three of these. Having been educated by The Hindu that the ‘nodal ministry’ for the matter was the Ministry of Human Resources Development, I rang up the secretary of that ministry. Has the Memorandum of Association of the ICHR been changed? I asked. No, he said. It has not been changed, he said. And then about the resolution announcing the new members. The allegation, you will recall, was that the aim which in the Memorandum of Association is, ‘to give a national direction to an objective and RATIONAL presentation and interpretation of history…’, had been altered in the resolution to read, ‘to give a national direction to an objective and NATIONAL presentation and interpretation of history….’ I have before me the statement of the Ministry of Human Resources Development [No. F. 30-28/86-U3] dated 6 October 1987, that is of eleven years ago. It gives the text of the resolution of the Government of India announcing the new members – announcing, among other things, that Irfan Habib is being appointed as chairman with retrospective effect from 9 September 1986. The corresponding expression in it is, ‘to give a national direction to an objective and NATIONAL presentation and interpretation of history….’ I have before me the statement of the Ministry of Human Resources Development [No. F. 30-13/89-U3] dated 15 May 1991. It gives the text of the resolution of the government of India announcing the new members – announcing, among other things, that Irfan Habib is being reappointed as chairman with retrospective effect from 12 March 1990. The corresponding expression in it is, ‘to give a national direction to an objective and NATIONAL presentation and interpretation of history…’ To test my hypothesis yet again, I looked for and obtained the immediately preceding statement of the ministry. It bore the number F. 30-3/94-U.3, and was dated 8 September 1994. Like the others, it furnished the members – announcing, among other things, that Ravinder Kumar, another ‘historian’ of the same hue, was being appointed as chairman with retrospective effect from 8 September 1990. The corresponding expression in it was, ‘to give a national direction to an objective and NATIONAL presentation and interpretation of history…’ That is how far I was able to get on my own. I requested the secretary of the ministry: could he please request someone to look up resolutions of the earlier years, and see whether they contained anything different? Could he help me trace when this ‘alteration’ got made? The secretary was able to trace resolutions going back up to 1978 – that is, twenty years. Each of them carried the very same words! The research of the secretary and his colleagues established that – to reproduce the word the secretary used – the whole mystery had arisen from a ‘typographical error’: some typist banging away on his typewriter some twenty-odd years ago typed ‘rational’ as ‘national’. As each typist, when asked to type out the subsequent resolution, copied the preceding one, that word continued to be typed as ‘national’ year after year. The leftists inferred no conspiracy. But, lo and behold, now that a BJP government was in power, inferring conspiracies – to use their favourite phrase – was a historical necessity. It was objective history! It was progressive methodology! I half expected them to put on their Sherlock Holmes caps again, and establish that the governments of Mrs Indira Gandhi, of Rajiv Gandhi, of V.P. Singh, of Narasimha Rao had all been in league with the RSS, and therefore parties to this grave conspiracy! I then rang up Vinod Mehta, the editor of Outlook and president of the Editors Guild of India. ‘But the reporter says she has the text and everything,’ he said. I narrated what I had found. He promised to check and get back to me. When we talked again he said he had sent me the text of the resolution. But that was the current one. My point had been that the ‘change’ on which Outlook had built its story had existed in all resolutions for at least twenty years. He said he would get back to me. He never did. Nor did senior journalists of two other publications that had built their stories on the fabrication, and who, after I requested them to ascertain the basis of their accounts, had promised to get back to me.......................................

............................Not only were these ‘historians’ the advisers of the Babri Masjid Action Committee, its advocates in the negotiations, they simultaneously issued all sorts of statements supporting the Babri Masjid Action Committee’s case – which was the ‘case’ they had themselves prepared! A well-practised technique, if I may say so: they are from a school in which members have made each other famous by applauding each other’s books and ‘theses’! And these very ‘historians’ are cited as witnesses in the pleadings filed by the Sunni Waqf Board in the courts which are considering the Ayodhya matter!


Their deceitful role in Ayodhya – which in the end harmed their clients more than anyone else – was just symptomatic. For fifty years this bunch has been suppressing facts and inventing lies. How concerned they pretend to be today about that objective of the ICHR – to promote objective and rational
research into events of our past! How does this concern square with the guidelines issued by their West Bengal government in 1989 which Outlook itself had quoted – ‘Muslim rule should never attract any criticism. Destruction of temples by Muslim rulers and invaders should not be mentioned?’ But incorporating their wholesale fabrications of the destruction of Buddhist viharas, about the non-existent ‘Aryan invasion’, that is mandatory – to question them is to be communal, chauvinist!
..........How is it that over twenty-five years persons from their school alone had been nominated to the ICHR? How come that Romila Thapar had been on the Council four times? Irfan Habib five times?Satish Chandra four times? S. Gopal three times?… The same pattern held for the post of chairman......
...........A much favoured device: when caught peddling a lie, insinuate that the other man is privileged! And that, as you are from the toiling masses, you cannot ascertain whether the facts he has stated are true. Therefore, what you stated must stand as fact. QED!.........