Showing posts with label KASHMIR. Show all posts
Showing posts with label KASHMIR. Show all posts

Wednesday, March 23, 2022

Rape, Killings, Murder, and Betrayal with Kashmiri Hindus



These exhortations urged the faithful to give a final push to the Kafir in order to ring in the true Islamic order. These slogans were mixed with precise and unambiguous threats to Pandits. They were presented with three choices — Ralive, Tsaliv ya Galive (convert to Islam, leave the place or prish). Tens of thousands of Kashmiri Muslims poured into the streets of the Valley, shouting  ‘death to India’ and death to Kafirs.



The Pandits could see the writing on the wall. If they were lucky enough to see the night through, they would have to vacate the place before they met the same fate as Tikka Lal Taploo and many others. The Seventh Exodus was surely staring them in the face. By morning, it became apparent to Pandits that Kashmiri Muslims had decided to throw them out from the Valley. Broadcasting vicious Jehadi sermons and revolutionary songs, interspersed with blood curdling shouts and shrieks, threatening Kshmiri Pandis with dire consequences, became a routine ‘Mantra’ of the Muslims of the Valley, to force them to flee from Kashmir. Some of the slogans used were:


“Zalimo, O Kafiro, Kashmir harmara chod do”.


(O! Merciless, O! Kafirs leave our Kashmir)

“Kashmir mein agar rehna hai, Allah-ho-Akbar kahna hoga”

(Any one wanting to live in Kashmir will have to convert to Islam)

La Sharqia la gharbia, Islamia! Islamia!

From East to West, there will be only Islam

“Musalmano jago, Kafiro bhago”,

(O! Muslims, Arise, O! Kafirs, scoot)

“Islam hamara maqsad hai, Quran hamara dastur hai, jehad hamara Rasta hai”

(Islam is our objective, Q’uran is our constitution, Jehad is our way of our life)

“Kashmir banega Pakistan”

(Kashmir will become Pakistan)

“Kashir banawon Pakistan, Bataw varaie, Batneiw saan”

(We will turn Kashmir into Pakistan alongwith Kashmiri Pandit women, but without their men folk)


“Pakistan se kya Rishta? La Ilah-e- Illalah”


(Islam defines our relationship with Pakistan)

Dil mein rakho Allah ka khauf; Hath mein rakho Kalashnikov.

(With fear of Allah ruling your hearts, wield a Kalashnikov)

“Yahan kya chalega, Nizam-e- Mustafa”

(We want to be ruled under Shari’ah)

“People’s League ka kya paigam, Fateh, Azadi aur Islam”

(“What is the message of People’s League? Victory, Freedom and Islam.”)

Wall posters in fairly large letters, proclaiming Kashmir as ‘Islamic Republic of Kashmir’, became a com*mon sight in the entir Valley. So were the big and prominent advertisements in local dailies, proclaiming their intent:

‘Aim of the present struggle is the supremacy of Islam in Kashmir, in all walks of life and nothing else. Any one who puts a hurdle in our way will be annihilated’.

Press release of Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (HM) published in the morning edition of Urdu Daily ‘Aftab’ of April, 01, 1990.


‘Kashmiri Pandits responsible for duress against Muslims should leave the Valley within two days’.

Head lines of Urdu Daily, Al Safa, of April, 14, 1990.

‘With Kalashnikov in one hand and Quran in the other the Mujahids would openly roam the streets singing the Tarana-e- Kashmir.’


1. RESIGNATION OF JOGENDRA NATH MANDAL, MINISTER FOR LAW AND LABOUR, GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN: Part 1 (http://thoughtcrackers.blogspot.com/2020/11/resignation-of-jogendra-nath-mandal.html

2. Kashmir : A Political Game-1930-1960(Part-1):History, Conflict, India, Pakistan, Kashmiris, Separatist, Information War, Possible Solution (http://thoughtcrackers.blogspot.com/2016/09/kashmir-political-game-1930-1960part.html

3. Kashmir : A Political Game-1930-1960(Part-2):History, Conflict, India, Pakistan, Kashmiris, Separatist, Information War, Possible Solution (http://thoughtcrackers.blogspot.com/2016/09/kashmir-political-game-1930-1960part_15.html)

ISIS Wahhabis in India,Kashmir: The Destruction, Kashmir Series: part 4 2000-2014 (http://thoughtcrackers.blogspot.com/search?q=Wahhabis+)

4. Islamic Terrorism and Genocide of Kashmiri Pandits (http://ikashmir.net/history/genocide.html).

5. Atrocities in Kashmir (http://ikashmir.net/atrocities/index.html)

Since 1990, planned and organized secessionist-terrorism has brutalized Kashmir, the valley of peace and exquisite beauty. Systematic efforts have been made to destroy its syncretic culture, traditions, and heritage, by an orgy of mindless violence fueled by religious fanaticism and extremism, aided and abetted from across India's borders.

6. Kashmir Historical Documents (http://ikashmir.net/historicaldocuments/index.html)

7. Terrorist Role of Pakistan (http://ikashmir.net/pakistan/index.html)

8. Yasin Malik BBC Hard Talk Interview (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uif0fuaEX6o&t=875s)

9. Reporting from Kashmir, 1989 to 1994 - Part 1 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vb34Ap2muJI&t=514s)

10. Reporting from Kashmir, 1989 to 1994 - Part 2

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cuBfzbD7lXE)

11. Reporting from Kashmir, 1989 to 1994 - Part 3

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mtYpdjtDx7o)

12. Ex-Governor - J&K, Jagmohan on Mirwaiz Maulvi Farooq incident | Archival footage

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKiRSKpAJUU

13. Bitta Karate speaks: 1989 Rubaiya Sayeed's kidnap and the events in Kashmir thereafter

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VsDhlCBCD7Q&t=39s)

14. Exodus of Hindu Kashmiri Pandits from Srinagar valley

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7tXX7caN2tU)

15. Militants target Sikhs in Kashmir (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8U52PQRuS4)

16. Tourists abduction in Jammu and Kashmir in 1995 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jGeeTB3BrO0)

17. When Chittisinghpura was struck - 35 Sikh martyrs | Jammu and Kashmir - Part 1

18. Viral video of Lashkar-e-Taiba training camp in PoK exposes Pakistan's lies

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QrXksGMaCl0)

19. Republic TV Accesses Exclusive Pictures Of Pakistan's Terror Training Camp In PoK

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WqAjdtk1LpU)

20. Watch: Pak terrorist caught in Afghanistan, was training for violence in J&K

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vWFEgExQHlw)

21. Pak Terror Training Camp In PoK | Caught On Camera (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FLL9oP1RmvA)

22.

Online Terror Training Video Exposes Pakistan's Role In Jammu & Kashmir Terror Attacks

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1fAc7gRQHY) 


Kashmir show my earlier comments. these islamist want to use Human rights against Us as a weapon. For these Murders , everything can be a weapon of Implementing Shria Law. 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djmCdpCvFt8 (Killing and raping of Kashmiri Hindus.mp4) Kashmiri Hindus (Pandits) are in exile since early 1990 after Islamic religious fundamentalists in the valley of Kashmir took to armed subversion and terrorism and drove them out of their centuries old habitat. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=709YisIVM2Q (Shocking, Tragic and Horrible untold story of Kashmiri Hindus) http://www.panunkashmir.org https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YoXEDqVaE0s (Who RAPES,who KILLS,who TORTURES in Kashmir ???...see real PROOFS) http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldse…/specials/1246_land/page9.shtml (Displaced Kashmiri Pandit women pray for peace and an early return home at an annual Hindu festival) http://www.indiandefencereview.com/…/kashmiri-pandits-offe…/( Kashmiri Pandits offered three choices by Radical Islamists) http://ikashmir.net/history/genocide.html (Islamic Terrorism and Genocide of Kashmiri Pandits). https://kashmirblogs.wordpress.com/genocide-of-kashmiri-pa…/ (Kashmir blogs-Truth about Kashmir-" Kashmir blog"") https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c5WFD_bzplI (killing kafir Kashmiri pandits pt2) Kashmiri movement is nothing but a movement of Islamic state where people don’t want jobs, health care system, good rods or modern Infrastructure. They just want to become a part of ISLAMIC Pakistan (a terrorist manufacturer country). These fundamentally Islamist will want to do same with French people what they did with Kashmiri Pundits: It is first example where Hindu majority India has seen killings of Hindus: (ISIS, Pakistan flags waved in Srinagar, police registers FIR) http://indianexpress.com/…/flags-of-isis-pakistan-hoisted-…/( http://www.news18.com/…/after-pakistan-flags-separatist-sup… (After Pakistani flags, separatists wave ISIS flags in Kashmir) http://zeenews.india.com/…/pak-isis-flags-raised-in-kashmir… (Pak, ISIS flags raised in Kashmir during protests over killing of separatist activist) http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/…/articlesh…/44831687.cms (ISIS flag in Kashmir valley worries Army) http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/…/articlesh…/44857740.cms (Protesters again display ISIS flags in Kashmir valley) http://www.bharatniti.in/…/isis-flags-in-kashmir-separat…/63 (ISIS flags in Kashmir: Separatists' new strategy?) http://newsworldindia.in/…/protestors-displayed-isis…/53819/ (After Pakistani Flags, ISIS Flags Waved In Kashmir This Time) JKLF leader, Bitta Karate Confessed To Killing 20 Kashmiri Pandits:

Photos Of Jaish Camp Show Hall Where Terrorists Trained, Ammo Storage

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hz5kSqX8Mo

Exclusive Pictures Of Pakistan's Terror Training Camp In PoK

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WqAjdtk1LpU

Pakistan treats PoK as a terror launch pad claims PoK leader Kashmiri 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imHAQVOoz3I

Asi gachi Pakistan, Bata ros ta batanev san. meaning (We want Pakistan, with Kashmiri Hindu women and without their men-folk). -Raliv, Galiv Ya Chaliv (Convert, die or escape) replaced the sounds of evening Azaan (prayers) from majority of mosques in the valley of Kashmir.











Monday, May 8, 2017

Pakistan : Misusing Islam for Political Namak Harami , A Stigma on Muslims.


PAKISTAN ranked by Google as WORLD LEADER in online searches for Child rape, Donkey Sex , Camel Sex (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JYut_oa_fis) american drone record video of pakistani having sex with goat
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9NB2Xz5yyA(Pakistans Hidden Shame FULL DOCUMENTARY:child sex)
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q93qgYqHec4) Reply Proof That Arabs Treat Non-Arab Muslims As Dogs - Eye Opener To Pakistanis Pretending To Be Arabs(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tC5B3dHSydI) Saudis Don't Give A F**k About Pakistanis - Hassan Nisar(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j9KE09xun8A

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4oYJO1wK_Ys (Stupidest law in the world - AJE investigates Pakistan's blasphemy law)

Pakistan muslman nahi dhokhebaaj hai. Begarat Pakistani goverment Chinese communist party ke samne bheekh mangne mein nahi sarmate hai. Tab pakistani I*lam gaadh marne chala jata hai,jab Chinese goverment Uyghur Musl**s ke danda karti hai. Pakistan is only nation who works with China ,helping them to kill Uyghur Musl**s. Abe jake apni government se kah ki China se bheek mangna band kare, kyo ki Chinese yuan Uyghur Musl**s ke khoon se sana hai.  Pakistani log muslman nahi ,sirf namak haram saudi servants ho, jo muslim hone ka dikava kar rahe ho. Pakistni-Cyno collaboration was perfectly named as RANDI. Dekh teri govenrment jis Chinese communist party ke samne hath failati ,woh Uyghur Musl**s ki gaand mein kaise danda karti hai. China is suspicious of the Uyghur community in Pakistan, generally viewing them as supporters of the East Turkestan independence movement. Pakistan has given them a friendly reception, but shows a cool attitude towards any promotion of separatism. China claims that members of the East Turkestan Islamic Movement have taken refuge in Lahore . In 1997, fourteen Uyghur students with Chinese nationality studying in Pakistan were deported back to China after they organised a sympathy protest in support of riots in Ghulja; Amnesty International claims that they were executed. In 2009, another nine Uyghurs captured in Waziristan were extradited to China. As of 2015, the Pakistani government asserted that Uyghur militants were no longer present in the tribal areas of northwest Pakistan. Omar Uyghur Trust.Omar and Akbar Khan, two Uyghur brothers in Pakistan, set up a cultural organisation, the Omar Uyghur Trust, to educate their community's children in the Uyghur language and culture. The group's organisers claim that the Chinese government has exerted diplomatic pressure on Pakistan to shut them down, and in late 2009 harassed one Uyghur with Pakistani citizenship during his trip to China in an attempt to get him to spy on the group. In April 2010, the founders fled from police in the aftermath of a raid which saw their parents and two younger brothers detained. Again, they did not blame the Pakistani government for the situation, but attributed the action to pressure from the Chinese government.There is also a Chinese Overseas Association which represents Pakistani Uyghurs.
Guesthouses:Pakistan also used to have a number of Uyghur community reception centres.Kashgarabad, located in Islamabad, was run by wealthy Uyghur traders. Anwar ul-Ulum Abu Hanifa Madrassah was run by a man named Sheikh Serajuddin in Rawalpindi. A third, Hotanabad, was also located near Islamabad. Hotanabad was shut down in December 2000, a situation which the Uyghur American Association also attributes to pressure from China. Kashgarabad and Hotanabad both suffered another shutdown in 2006.
 (Dolkun Issa questions Pakistan’s silence banning Muslims from observing Ramzan in Xinjiang) http://indianexpress.com/article/world/world-news/uyghur-leader-dolkun-issa-questions-pakistans-silence-banning-muslims-from-observing-ramzan-in-xinjiang-2880694/ 
Uighur activist questions Pak silence on Xinjiang (http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/world/Uighur-activist-questions-Pak-silence-on-Xinjiang/article14401373.ece)
Islamophobia in China and Pakistan’s vow of silence (https://www.dawn.com/news/1173034)
Pakistan says 'almost all' Uighur militants eliminated (https://www.dawn.com/news/1204443)
चीन ने लगाई नमाज और बुरखे पर प्रतिबंध पाकिस्तान के जिहाद के कारण (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zDitH6duOiE) Pakistani media warning to China जफर हिलाली ने दी चाइना को धमकी(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XuO2Q_Psgpw) 
China Bans List of Islamic Names, Including ‘Muhammad’, in Xinjiang Region (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-04-27/china-bans-list-of-islamic-names-including-muhammad-in-xinjiang-region) 
China bans Islamic names in Muslim-dominated region (https://www.thecable.ng/china-bans-islamic-names-muslim-dominated-region)
China bans Islamic baby names in Muslim majority Xinjiang province (http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/04/25/china-bans-islamic-baby-names-muslim-majority-xinjiang-province/)
China Bans Many Muslim Baby Names in Xinjiang (https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/04/24/china-bans-many-muslim-baby-names-xinjiang)
China Issues Ban on Many Muslim Names in Xinjiang ( https://www.voanews.com/a/china-issues-ban-on-many-muslim-names-in-xinjiang/3826118.html )
China bans religious names for Muslim babies in Xinjiang (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/25/china-bans-religious-names-for-muslims-babies-in-xinjiang)
China bans Islamic baby names in Muslim majority Xinjiang province (http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/china-ban-islamic-baby-names-muslim-xinjiang-province-uyghurs-burqa-islam-jihad-human-rights-a7700646.html)
China Bans Islamic Names Including Jihad, Islam, and Mohammed (https://pjmedia.com/faith/2017/04/28/china-bans-islamic-names-including-jihad-islam-and-mohammed/)
http://www.msn.com/en-in/news/world/china-govt-bans-ramzan-fasting-in-xinjiang/ar-BBtWyZX?li=AAggbRN&ocid=ASUDHP  (China govt bans Ramzan fasting in Xinjiang)
Chinese City Bans Beards, Islamic Style Clothing On Buses During Event (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbAOQzXxSys)
No Beards, No Veils: Uighur Muslim Identity Under Pressure In China's Xinjiang (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3rjUSjFDx2o)
China imposes restrictions on Muslim Uighurs (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ViAOkIrkv9k)
Chinese City Bans Beards, Islamic style Clothing On Buses (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=32znK5LhsZU)
China Making strict Steps to Ban Islam , Pakistan defend his New Master (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rH5iBFTnUi0)
Chinese City Bans Beards, Islamic-style Clothing On Buses (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3PfXTZOpzSs)
China's burqa and 'abnormal' beard ban (WION Gravitas) (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Te150oDIXBY)
DNA: China bans 'abnormal' beards and burqas in Muslim province of Xinjiang (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRmns56h1vY)
Why China is banning beards and veils in Xinjiang- last news 24/7 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5pFpOn2HgOw)
Anti-Muslim sentiment on the rise in China (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uuZqdqwx1mg)
CHINA BANS MUSLIM NAMES (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fEMMCwG4r0)
China bans Islamic Names (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLbUlEyCed8)
China bans religious names for Muslim babies in Xinjiang (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOX6Lwv2OAg)
Pakistan to kick Uyghur Muslim for China-master (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCPDOsmFj9E)
Pakistan Dogs and Chinese Monkeys alliance against Uyghur Muslim in East Turkistan(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VVNw6iFtpgE)
Real Chinese hate Muslims and Pakistanis (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DpzovzNdYkw)

Pakistan's Friend China being Scared and Imposed Ban on Muslim Names Like saddam (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w7UHVvfkcSc)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCPDOsmFj9E Pakistan to kick Uyghur Muslim for China-master https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ZGa-tbTDkQ (Ramadan and Musl**s Under Attack From Chinese Government) Chinese mobs attack Uyghur Muslim (East Turkistan) (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msdcROcGNVI) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C5IwwnP5e78 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=im2l6AjCqL4 (Police shot dead 2 Uyghur men in the front of running camera) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HXnr08yNVs (China imposes restrictions on Muslim Uyghurs: ALIAZeera, they can n't grow beard) . https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5UjfyEle1h8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OFtdaqQ45jU(China bans Musl**s from fasting during Ramadan) http://www.firstpost.com/world/chinas-trying-to-suppress-information-about-a-massacre-that-killed-50-people-say-reports-2476276.html China's trying to suppress information about a massacre that killed 50 people, say reports https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C5IwwnP5e78 China's Ruthless Crackdown On Its Muslim Population https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gm4uVWNAc0k The Uighurs versus the Chinese Government https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6EU0EQlmfDY China's Uighurs face fasting restrictions -- 10 Sept 2008 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CCz6-kfycpc Xinjiang Repression – China https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tQe7aWEYkUc East Turkistan & China (Inside Story - Al Jazeera English ) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sqT8yOt0hBE Uighurs' struggle to retain cultural identity - 07 July 09 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sXXQbGLpLXk China Bans Ramadan Fasting For Musl**s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OoQ7DTOhcu4 China's changing approach to reporting Xinjiang - 08 Jul 09 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BHykkBlyk6U 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V-PYC_lCfVQ Why Is China Cracking Down On Muslim Culture? China exporting prostitutes to Pakistan, Pakistan helping China to kill Uyghur Musl**s Dum hai to awaj udtha Uyghur Musl**s ke liye , Dekh na phir teri muslim ISI kaise teri gaand mein danda kar degi. Pakistani I*lam ki asliyat he yeh. Yeh Namak Haram kya jaane I*LAM ke baare main. Their military begs in front of china which doesn’t even allow muslim women to give birth , does not even allow to pray. Pakistani I*lam ki asliyat he yeh. Yeh Namak Haram kya jaane I*LAM ke baare main. Their military begs in front of china which doesn’t even allow muslim women to give birth and Chienes goverment do not allow to fast in Ramjan, Chinese soldiers rapes Uyghur Musl**s woman, Uyghur Musl**s does not even allow to pray. Ab ja ke chullu bhar pani mein doob ja, kyo ki tu ek jhoota muslman aka true Saudi servent hai.

Pakistani General Zia Ul Haq ne 2500-5000 Palestinians ko jorden ke king kahne par mara tha. 
Yeh kutte, dhokhebaaj Palestinians ke baat bhi kaise karte hain. Teri country 5000 musulmano ke murder ko apna highest postion diya tha. apne apko muslman kahne ke chullu bhar pani mein doob kar mar kyo nahi jate. (Role of Muslim)Pakistan's Role in Black September and killing of 10000 Palestinians under Brig. Zia Ul Haq https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hB8Z0VyjFF0 In English : http://www.siasat.pk/forum/showthread.php?147003-Pakistan-s-Role-in-Black-September-and-killing-of-25-000-Palestinians-under-Brig-Zia-Ul-Haq http://www.topentity.com/dinesh-lal-yadav/videos/black-september-when-pakistan-army-generals-massacred-10-000-palestinians-watch-Wlg1WmNYaXUzcVU.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqFO6p9_cfU https://lubpak.com/archives/673 http://www.themuslimtimes.org/2013/07/countries/pakistan/5th-july-1977-mard-e-momin-zia-ul-haq-the-butcher-of-palestenians-takes-over-pakistan http://Muha**admoeen.blogspot.in/2008/12/black-september-and-role-of-pakistan.html http://www.pakpassion.net/ppforum/archive/index.php/t-165996.html 
http://www.smh.com.au/world/migrant-crisis-pakistanis-others-dumping-ids-to-become-syrian-20150906-gjggcn.html Migrant crisis: Pakistanis, others dumping IDs to become 'Syrian'.

Massive killings of Ahmadiyya in Pakistan: Part -3
The only Scientist who won Nobel Prize for Pakistan. ABDUL SALAM (check name’s spelling). But he left Pakistan Why? Because He is a Ahmadiya Muslim and when GOP passed a resolution in their parliament which declared that Ahmadiya Muslims in Pakistan will not be considered real Muslim. ABDUL SALAM left Pakistan.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Pakistan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BlL5fz-dwEs (The Express Tribune: Ahmadiyya Persecution in Pakistan (Ahmadiyya Islam))
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fcSZVXEQM5k (Futile attempts at declaring Ahmadiyya Islam out of the fold of Islam)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yAnt6eJ-wc (Ahmadis Face Continuous Persecution in Pakistan 2012)
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2ig8ag (Persecution of Ahmadis Early Years - Islam Ahmadiyya Qadiani)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Cr4MNNCzxk (Persecution of Ahmadis in 1984 to present - Islam Ahmadiyya Qadiani)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CRJIMSYq13o (Subh e Pakistan program incites hatred against Ahmadiyya Muslium)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pn1YAn7eOEg (Hate Campaign Against Ahmadis spreading from Pakistan to UK)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECdBnE-Kj7k (Hounding of Ahmadi Muslims in Pakistan)
A propaganda film of Pakistani Hate mongering against minorities.
https://vimeo.com/51914219 (Persecution by Ahmadiyya on Muslims in Pakistan | Qadiani Terrorist Kidnapped Muslim Children | Must Watch) http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xujrv5_abduction-persecution-by-ahmadiyya-ahmadi-tyranny-exclusive-ex-qadiani-report-urdu_news (Abduction, Persecution by Ahmadiyya | Ahmadi Tyranny | Exclusive Ex-Qadiani Report [Urdu])


Why Sunni Musl**s are killing Shia Musl**s? Idiots are everywhere in every religion.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sectarianism_in_Pakistan
Pakistan's Shia genocide
http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/11/201211269131968565.html
WHO’S KILLING PAKISTAN’S SHIA AND WHY?
http://warontherocks.com/2014/05/whos-killing-pakistans-shia-and-why/
Pakistan : Shia Musl**s
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/402592/cig_pakistan_shias_v1_0_2015_02_10.pdf
Pakistan: Rampant Killings of Shia by Extremists
https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/06/29/pakistan-rampant-killings-shia-extremists
Time for Shias to leave Pakistan
http://www.dawn.com/news/786738/time-for-shias-to-leave-pakistan
“If this isn’t Shia genocide, what is?”
http://www.dawn.com/news/744925/if-this-isnt-shia-genocide-what-is
Hazara Shia genocide and the evils we don’t see
http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2015/06/06/national/hazara-shia-genocide-and-the-evils-we-dont-see/
THE LAHORE LOG: Curbing the persecution of Shias
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/indiahome/indianews/article-2941645/THE-LAHORE-LOG-Curbing-persecution-Shias.html
The Persecution of Shia Musl**s in Saudi Arabia
http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-1015700
KILLING OF SHIA PEOPLE IN PAKISTAN TAKES TOLL ON PAKISTANI AMERICAN FAMILIES
http://pavementpieces.com/killing-of-shia-people-in-pakistan-takes-toll-on-pakistani-american-families/
Persecution of Shias in Pakistan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3sPEaVnpuQc
'Hell on Earth': Inside Quetta's Hazara community
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-22248500
Is There Any Hope for Pakistan's Shias?
https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/there-any-hope-for-pakistans-shias
Early Warning Signs of Shia Genocide in Pakistan
http://thediplomat.com/2014/05/early-warning-signs-of-shia-genocide-in-pakistan/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1WQem0AfMzE  (Pakistan Shia-Sunni divide grown to total destruction level - Check this animosity)

Jinnah was against according any democratic right to the people who lived in the Princely States. Of the 600 Princely States only ten had Muslim rulers. The Muslims of Kashmir were striving for their rights against the Hindu Maharaja. In their anxiety to please the British the Muslim League forgot the existence of their fellow Muslim brothers. They challenged the Congress for the rights of the Hindu rulers of Kashmir. On 28 March 1939 the Viceroy wrote regarding another meeting with Jinnah, "But he [Jinnah] was satisfied now. He thought that the present system would not work, and that a mistake had been committed in going so far."
The above statement proves that Jinnah was annoyed about the rights given to the States. He maintained that India did not need any final transfer of power, and that those who made such demands were unaware of the existing conditions. Democracy could not prevail in a country like India. It was a mistake to have held elections in the States and to have handed over the rights to the elected representatives. This statement of Jinnah was a godsend for the British. The British had prayed long and hard for an indigenous political party which would become the sworn enemy of democracy, support British policy, and be prepared to fight its enemies!


Muhammad Ali Jinnah a Scotch-drinking, occasionally pork-eating, who dabbled with champagne was a secular lawyer. His picture with a glass of Champagne with Agha Hilaly adorns Hillay house in Karachi. When Zafar Hilaly was Ambassador in Yemen and Ziaul Haq visited Yemen he demanded that picture from the ambassadors office be removed. He chastised Zafar for displaying that picture of M.A. Jinnah.
Crisis in the Indian Subcontinent, Partition: Can it be Undone?
Book by Lal Khan
Pakistan may today be a byword for I*lamic extremism and military rule, but its founder was a dandyish Anglophile who drove a Bentley, enjoyed billiards and was described by one gushing biographer as "sounding like Ronald Coleman, dressing like Anthony Eden, adored by most women and admired by most men". Did the bearded men and burka-clad women know that their beloved Jinnah enjoyed drinking and, according to some reports, even ate ham sandwiches? - In Jinnah's footsteps
M.C.Chagla who was Jinnah's legal apprentice and ,later, the first
Indian Muslim to be appointed chief justice of Bombay's high court remembers in his "Roses in December, An Autobiobraphy" an afternoon of 1923(?) when he and Jinnah were going out to lunch:" Mrs. Jinnah drove up to the Town Hall in Jinnah's luxurious limousine, stepped out with a tiffin basket, and coming up the steps ... said..."J"!-that is how she called him-"guess what I have brought for you for lunch." Jinnah answered :"How should I know?" and she replied:"I have brought you some lovely ham sandwiches."Jinnah,startled exclaimed:"My God! What have you done? Do you want me to lose my election? Do you realise I am standing from a Muslim separate electorate seat, and if my voters were to learn that I am going to eat ham sandwiches for lunch, do you think I have a ghost of a chance of being elected?" At this Mrs. Jinnah's face fell. She quickly took back the tiffin basket, ran down the steps, and drove away...We decided to go to Cornagalia's, which was a very wellknown resturaunt in Bombay...Jinnah ordered two cups of coffee, a plate of pastry and a plate of pork sausages....As we were drinking our coffee and enjoying our sausages, in came an old bearded Muslim with a young boy of about ten years of age, probably his grandson. They came and sat down near Jinnah. It was obvious that they had been directed from the Town Hall...I saw the boy's hand reaching out slowly but irresistibly towards the plate of pork suasages. After some hesitation, he picked up one, put it in his mouth, munched it and seemed to enjoy it tremendously. I watched this uneasily...After some time they left and Jinnah turned to me, and said angrily:"Chagla you should be ashamed of yourself." I said:"What did I do?"Jinnah asked:"How dare you allow the young boy to eat pork sausages?"I said:"Look, Jinnah,I had to use all my mental faculties at top speed to come to a quick decision. The question was: should I let Jinnah lose his election or should I let the boy go to eternal damnation? And I decided in your favour." Note: At that time Jinnah was running a campaign for the Legislative Assembly Muslim seat from Bombay ( the elections were in Nov. 1923).I am quoting this from Stanley Wolpert's "Jinnah of Pakistan". It is considered among the best biographies of Jinnah. In her book "Breaking the Curfew" Emma Duncan recounts her interview with  "Amir-ul-Momineen" Gen Zia-ul-Haq. At the end of the interview "Amir-ul-Momineen" gave the interviewer some books related to Pakistan, which included this book "Jinnah of Pakistan".
Jinnah was against according any democratic right to the people who lived in the Princely States. Of the 600 Princely States only ten had Muslim rulers. The Muslims of Kashmir were striving for their rights against the Hindu Maharaja. In their anxiety to please the British the Muslim League forgot the existence of their fellow Muslim brothers. They challenged the Congress for the rights of the Hindu rulers of Kashmir. On 28 March 1939 the Viceroy wrote regarding another meeting with Jinnah, "But he [Jinnah] was satisfied now. He thought that the present system would not work, and that a mistake had been committed in going so far."
The above statement proves that Jinnah was annoyed about the rights given to the States. He maintained that India did not need any final transfer of power, and that those who made such demands were unaware of the existing conditions. Democracy could not prevail in a country like India. It was a mistake to have held elections in the States and to have handed over the rights to the elected representatives. This statement of Jinnah was a godsend for the British. The British had prayed long and hard for an indigenous political party which would become the sworn enemy of democracy, support British policy, and be prepared to fight its enemies!
large number of tribals from Pakistan attacked Kashmir under the code name “Operation Gulmarg” to seize Kashmir. The invading tribals started moving along Rawalpindi-Murree-Muzaffarabad-Baramulla Road on 22 October 1947 with Pakistani army men in plain clothes. Muzaffarabad fell on 24 October 1947. They reached and captured Baramulla on 25 October. There they stayed for several days looting, raping, killing, burning, plundering and desecrating and vandalising shrines and temples instead of moving on to Srinagar 50 km away and capture its airfield which was not defended at all.


Rape of Baramulla: 
They raped and killed European nuns (only one survived) at Baramulla’s St. Joseph convent and Christian nurses at the missionary hospital. This savage orgy of loot, rape, murder and abduction of girls continued for several days. Baramulla suffered this savage orgy but saved the rest of Kashmir because the airplanes carrying the Indian troops airlifted from Delhi on the morning of 27 October could land at Srinagar airfield as the invaders were still at Baramulla.
While discussing about brutalities of the Tribal attack, Khawaja Abdul Samad said: ‘Hindus and Muslims were taking refuge in separate areas. Most of the properties that belonged to Hindus had been burnt down. Many Hindus and Sikhs had been mercilessly slaughtered and most of their bodies were still lying in their homes or on the streets. In the past two days, the tribesmen had dragged numerous bodies and thrown them into the river………..Their attack had totally devastated Muzaffarabad. The homes of Hindus and Muslims were looted, shops were plundered and all the stock loaded onto trucks. Places of worship were not spared; they entered and took whatever they considered to be of value. They tore down mandirs and desecrated masjids. In their lustful search for gold, silver and rupees they even used digging equipment to search beneath the stone floors of shops. Whatever they could find would be amassed in a collective place where tribal leaders would supervise the whole process. From here, everything would be loaded onto trucks and sent on their way to the North West Frontier Province. In Muzaffarabad and its surroundings, no Muslim home was spared from this tribal bounty-hunt.’ (Tribesmen steal from a Masjid – Mosque.)
Khawaja Abdul Samad, while discussing the loot and plunder carried out by the tribesmen who apparently came to Jammu and Kashmir for the purpose of ‘Jihad’ and to ‘liberate’ people of Jammu and Kashmir, explained how they even looted materials hidden in a Masjid.

Saturday, October 8, 2016

Teaching Hatred: A Glimpse into Pakistan’s Education System

During 1970s, as Pakistanis were pondering over their country’s future direction, Brigadier SK Malik, an influential figure in Pakistan Army, wrote a tome titled “The Koranic Concept of War” which was published in 1978. Its foreword was written by none other than Pakistan’s future and perhaps most influential dictator, General Zia-ul-Haq. A keen student of war, Malik argued that in order to keep Pakistan intact and take revenge against India, Pakistan must immerse itself in the philosophy of jihad against infidel Hindus and Jews. Jihadi terror, in his opinion was not a means to an end, but an end in itself. In Malik’s estimation, jihad would soften and paralyze the Indian giant, leading to its dismemberment by a thousand cuts. To rally Pakistani people in an eternal jihad against infidels thus became the primary doctrine for Pakistani establishment. This momentous turn of events turned the Pakistani government back to a medieval psychology, increasingly diverging from Attaturk’s secular Turkish model. (http://tech.mit.edu/V129/N30/indiapakistan.html)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4oYJO1wK_Ys (Stupidest law in the world - AJE investigates Pakistan's blasphemy law)
https://www.thequint.com/world/2015/04/09/how-history-books-differ-in-india-and-pakistan
How History Books Differ in India and Pakistan




Hate Literature taught in Pakistani schools by Pakistani government recommended by Pakistani mullahs:
The Murder of History : A Critique of History Textbooks used in Pakistan By K K Aziz
http://thoughtcrackers.blogspot.in/2015/09/murder-of-history-by-k-aziz.html
This book is very important as it exposes Pakistan’s government Historical lies and point out how books in Pakistan are used to spread hate against Hindus and other religious minorities in a government recommend text. Above links will give only two chapters of books. We should use these Pakistani book to show rest of world how government of Pakistan corrupts mind of children even at age of 5-6.

Some Example from Book: The Murder of History: A Critique of History Textbooks used in Pakistan By K K Aziz

THERE ARE NO MUSLIMS IN INDIA
Bharat is the country of Non-Muslims (private, Lahore, English, class 3).
I don’t have exact figures available to me as I write this, But I am sure the no. of muslims in India is larger than the total population of Pakistan; which makes India bigger “Muslim Country” than Pakistan. I don’t understand logic or necessity of making this statement, except to convince class 3 students that India is an enemy state.

Our Ancestors arrived from Arabian Peninsula:
This claim has been made by the Ghairat Brigade since long. They have tried to downplay the linkages that we have with our subcontinental ancestors and tried via popular media and textbooks to somehow prove that our ancestors were not people living in the Subcontinent for thousands of years rather they came from the Arabian Peninsula.
A look at the genealogies of two of our founding fathers i.e Jinnah and Iqbal tells us that Mr. Jinnah belonged to a Sindhi family that had migrated to Gujarat.(Akbar S Ahmad, Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity; Routledge, 1997; Chapter 1,page 1 ) while Iqbal belonged to a Kashmiri Sheikh family. Also, there was a considerable population consisting of Jatts and Gujjars before Islam came to our part of the world. Most of us are descendents of those early converts. The people most likely to have come down from Arabia are the Syeds who claim to be direct descendents from the Prophet (PBUH). Interestingly, in a research conduted by University College London, Y chromosomes of self-identified Syeds from the Indian subcontinent show evidence of elevated Arab ancestry but not of a recent common patrilineal origin For more on the castes of our country.
ARAB, Turk Invaders bring ISLAM in India.
Truth:
Islam first came to the western coast of India with Arab traders (not by Turk, Arab invaders as pakistani schools teach) as early as the 7th century AD to coastal Malabar and the Konkan-Gujarat. Cheraman Juma Masjid in Kerala is thought to be the first mosque in India, built in 629 AD by Malik lbn Dinar (land is given by a Hindu King). Malik Deenar  (died 648 CE) is the first follower of the Islamic prophet, Muhammed, to come to India in order to propagate Islam in the Indian Subcontinent.
Cheraman Perumal  is the royal title used by the rulers of the Chera dynasty in southern India. The title has sometimes mistakenly been taken to refer exclusively to some kings of the dynasty, particularly Rama Varma. Kulashekhara and Rajashekhara Varman, but Hermann Gundert has observed that the title "Cheraman" is simply the name of the dynasty of Chera. According to legends, Cherman Perumal, travelled to Madina to meet the Prophet Muhammad (died in 632 AD) and embraced Islam. But he died on his way back and is now buried in Salalah, Oman.
TEACHING INTOLERANCE IN PAKISTAN:
https://1drv.ms/b/s!Aqzwpm0w5B9whgWGMFt3NozB0D4d
A report by Pakistan’s National Commission for Justice and Peace (NCJP)
https://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/2016/08/4601110/(Report: Pakistan school textbooks riddled with religious 'hate material') https://www.worldwatchmonitor.org/3626084/4601826
The Pakistan’s National Commission for Justice and Peace (NCJP) study cited several passages from textbooks that teach falsehoods about other religions, or criticise or encourage animosity towards them:

• The Punjab Textbook Board’s Class III (ages 7-8) book on Urdu teaches that Islam is “superior” to all other religions.

• The Sindh Textbook Board’s Class VII (ages 11-12) book on Islamic Studies teaches: “Most of the [other] religions of the world claim equality, but they never act on it.”

• The Punjab Board’s Islamic Studies textbook for Class VIII (ages 12-13) reads: “Honesty for non-Muslims is merely a business strategy, while for Muslims it is a matter of faith.”

• For Class VI (ages 10-11), the Punjab Board’s Islamic Studies book says: “For the person who is not in financial need, is not governed by a tyrant and still does not perform [the pilgrimage to Mecca], it does not make a difference whether he dies as a Christian or a Jew.”

• The Punjab Board’s Class VI book on Islamic Studies says: “Though being a student, you cannot practically participate in jihad, but you may provide financial support for jihad.”

• The Punjab Board Class V (ages 9-10) Social Studies book says: “Religion plays a very important role in promoting national harmony. If the entire population believes in one religion, then it encourages nationalism and promotes national harmony.

• “The better a Muslim we become, the better a citizen we prove to be,” says the Punjab Board’s Class IV (ages 8-9) book on Urdu.

Every textbook continues to use the Urdu word “Isai” (derived from “Isa”, the Arabic word for “Jesus” used in the Qur’an) for “Christian”. As World Watch Monitor has reported, the word now carries strong overtones – from colonial times – with the “unclean” demeaning occupations done by the lowest castes.
History

History is a subject of particular contention in the report. Pakistani textbooks refer to centuries of “Islamic rule” and “jihad” in the Indian subcontinent. However, Pakistani historian and author Dr. Mubarrak Ali told World Watch Monitor: “It is wrong to say ‘Islamic rule’ or ‘Hindu rule’. The Indian wars were political conflicts and not religious conflicts. The political conflict in the Indian subcontinent is seen as a religious conflict, which is why history is described in a binary opposition. We want to see history in black and white, while multiple facts decide one incident.”

Here are some of the other contentious or inflammatory passages cited in the report:

• The Pakistan Studies book from the Punjab Board for Class IX (ages 13-14) students says: “The free status of Islam and Muslims was hurt with the establishment of British rule. Muslims under non-Muslims remained enslaved and coerced.”

• The Sindh Class VIII book on Social Studies says: “The influence of Christian priests increased greatly [during British rule]. Christian priests were able, with the help of their government, to openly preach their religion.”

• The Class VII Baluchistan Textbook Board book on Urdu says: “The British … feared the Muslims, being the true inheritors of the rule of India, could become a danger for them anytime.

• “Another book shows that the accusations against [Mughal Emperor of India] Aurangzeb of bias towards Hindus are purely a fabrication of the narrow-minded Hindus and treacherous British,” says the Punjab Board’s Urdu textbook for “matriculates” (ages 15-16).

• The Class V book on Islamic Studies by the Punjab Board states: “The Muslims ruled the Indian subcontinent for about thousand years with magnificence, but they did not forcibly convert a single Hindu. If they had willed, then today there wouldn’t even be a trace of them in the subcontinent. But Muslims showed great tolerance and even raised Hindu to high positions.

• The Punjab Board’s Class VI History book reads: “Most of the population of Delhi consisted of Hindus who considered Muslims strangers. They … were always busy in thinking about getting free from the rule of Muslims. Hindu landlords used various excuses to not pay land revenue and even sometimes descended into revolt. The Hindus were so much encouraged by [Emperor] Akbar’s pro-Hindu policies that they started demolishing mosques and shrines and started building their temples in their place. Wherever Hindus were in majority, they brutalised Muslims.

• The History textbook for Class VIII students, published by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, reads: “Sikhs used to do many brutalities to Muslims and did not allow them religious freedom … The British did not trust Muslims and the policy of injustice and brutality hurt economic and educational conditions of Muslims. And the discriminatory attitude of Hindu landlords further made their condition worse. Under the influence of Hindus, they adopted several heresies.

• The Punjab Board’s History textbook for Class VII states: “In those days, Sikhs ruled the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Sikhs had made the life of Muslims terribly difficult. Syed Ahmed Shaheed decided to wage jihad against Sikhs.”

• The Punjab Board Social Studies book for Class VII says that Bangladesh became its own independent nation in 1971 – no longer East Pakistan – due to a conspiracy of “enemy countries of Islam”.

Teaching Hatred: A Glimpse into Pakistan’s Education System, 2012-2013:
http://www.hafsite.org/media/pr/teaching-hatred-glimpse-pakistan-education-system-2012-2013
Grade IV (Social Studies, Khyber Pakhtunkwa): “Muslims treated Hindus in [a] very good manner despite that Hindus used to main[tain] deep animosity against Muslims.
Grade V (Social Studies, Punjab): “The religious beliefs of the Muslims and Hindus are absolutely different. The Hindus worship many Idols. They have many Gods and Goddesses. The Muslims believe in one Allah who is Almighty and who is Creator of the universe. The Muslims worship Allah. In the Hindu religion the men are divided into different classes by their system of caste and creed, whereas in Islam all the Muslims are equal and are brotherly with one another. In Hindu religion the women are given a low status. Whereas Islam teaches to give due respect to the women.
Grade V (Islamic Studies, Sindh): “Hindus have tried all their means to harm Muslims of Indian Sub­continent and killed millions of Muslims. They were deprived of their assets and properties.
Grade VI (Social Studies, Punjab): “Before the Arab conquest the people were fed up with the teachings of Buddhists and Hindus...The foundation of [the] Hindu set up was based on injustice and cruelty. The system of Islam, which was based on justice, equality and brotherhood as described earlier,impressed a lot to the Hindu culture and set up.
Grade VI (Social Studies, Sindh): “The social equality and justice to all freed the cast ridden Hindu society and paved the way for spread of Islam, we know that the low caste Hindus suffered due to the low caste system, The Hindus belonging to lower casts were tortured, insulted and disgraced.[sic]
Grade IX ­- X (Pakistan Studies, Khyber Pakhtunkwa): “Hindu leadership has not only shown their religious hatred but also expressed their political hatred by opposing to celebrate their independence day on the same day. They proposed 15th August 1947, as their independence day because they never wanted to celebrate with Pakistan on the same day and this shows their psyche of narrow­mindedness.
Grade IX ­- X (Pakistan Studies, Khyber Pakhtunkwa): “Hindus were against the creation of Pakistan. Despite their utmost opposition, when Pakistan was created, they used all means to weaken and harm Pakistan. Hindus in the ‘East Pakistan’ started mobilizing their fellow citizens against the ‘West Pakistan.’ ”
https://aacounterterror.wordpress.com/here-is-what-70-of-student-population-in-pakistan-study/
(Here is what 70% of student population in Pakistan study)
https://www.hinduismtoday.com/blogs-news/hindu-press-international/religious-hate-material-fills-pakistani-kids--textbooks/15338.html
(Religious Hate Material Fills Pakistani Kids' Textbooks)
Study: Public School Textbooks in Pakistan Teach Intolerance of Non-Muslims
http://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/lauretta-brown/study-public-school-textbooks-pakistan-teach-intolerance-non-muslims
A passage in an eighth grade Islamic Studies book published in 2015 as part of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Curriculum describes jihad in a positive light.

Prophet (PBUH) said that ‘Jihad will continue till the end of times’. Jihad is going on in different parts of the world. Many Mujahidins of Islam are participating in Jihad for sake of Allah, for protection of their religion, to help their oppressed brothers, and to get freedom from tyranny,” it read. “As a student if you cannot practically participate in Jihad you can at least financially help in preparation of Jihad.

A passage from a tenth grade Punjab textbook, also published in 2015, states, “Because the Muslim religion, culture and social system are different from non-Muslims, it is impossible to cooperate with Hindus.

Another Punjab curriculum textbook for sixth grade Islamic studies reads, “Christians learned tolerance and kind heartedness from Muslims. The fair treatment and good governance of Muslims improved the living standard of the region. They started to live prosperous and peaceful lives under the patronage of Muslims.
http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/awaiting-changes-to-a-syllabus-of-hate/article253218.ece
Awaiting changes to a syllabus of hate
https://hinduexistence.org/2016/05/17/pakistan-where-some-school-syllabus-seems-dangerous-than-anything/
Pakistan where some school syllabus seems much dangerous than anything.
Hindu has always been an enemy of Islam
(Urdu Class V, Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore, March 2002, p 108)

The religion of the evil Hindus did not teach them good things — Hindus did not respect women
(Muasherati Ulum for Class IV, Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore, 2005, p 81)

Hindus worship in temples which are very narrow, dark and dirty places, where they worship fake gods in idols. Only one person can enter the temple at a time. In our mosques, on the other hand, all Muslims can say their prayers together
(Muasherati Ulum for Class V, Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore, 1996, p 109 )

http://www.sacw.net/article2866.html, Pakistan: Seeds of hate, 17 September 2012
Hindus can never be true friends of Muslims” is one of the many such lines from Pakistan Studies of grade seven.

http://tarekfatah.com/pakistani-government-school-textbooks-teaching-hate-against-christians-and-hindus-jihad-and-martyrdom-to-children/
Pakistani Government School Textbooks teaching Hate against Christians and Hindus; Jihad and Martyrdom to Children

For Justice and Peace, textbooks are full of intolerance and hatred towards non-Muslims
Kamran Chaudhry
http://www.asianews.it/news-en/For-Justice-and-Peace,-textbooks-are-full-of-intolerance-and-hatred-towards-non-Muslims-38179.html
on page 85 of a history book used in Peshawar, a centre of Taliban extremism, one can read that “The English took power from Muslims, so they considered Muslims as their true enemies. They closed all doors of development to Muslims. So Muslims had no choice but to fight the English . . . Christian pastors were forcefully converting locals to Christianity”.
http://www.earlychristians.org/index.php/persecuted-church/item/1773-the-christians-minorities-in-pakistan-the-problem-of-the-education-system/1773-the-christians-minorities-in-pakistan-the-problem-of-the-education-system
The christians minorities in Pakistan: the problem in the education system

Thursday, September 15, 2016

Kashmir : A Political Game-1930-1960(Part-1):History, Conflict, India, Pakistan, Kashmiris, Separatist, Information War, Possible Solution

Kashmir (Urdu: کشمیر, Kashmiri: کٔشِی), )previously spelled Cashmere, is a region in South-central Asia. Historically, the name Kashmir referred to the valley just to the south of the western end of the Himalayan mountain range.India claims the entire erstwhile princely state of Jammu and Kashmir based on an instrument of accession signed in 1947.
कश्मीर (उर्दू: مشمیر, कश्मीरी: ِش )ی),) पहले कश्मीरी के रूप में जाना जाता था, दक्षिण-मध्य एशिया में एक क्षेत्र है। ऐतिहासिक रूप से, कश्मीर नाम का उल्लेख हिमालय पर्वत श्रृंखला के पश्चिमी छोर के दक्षिण में घाटी के रूप में किया जाता है।भारत 1947 में हस्ताक्षरित एक परिग्रहण के आधार पर जम्मू और कश्मीर की पूरी तरह से रियासत का दावा करता है।


Kashmir: History
According to the Mahabharata, the Kambojas ruled Kashmir during the epic period with a Republican system of government from the capital city of Karna-Rajapuram-gatva-Kambojah-nirjitastava., shortened to Rajapura, which has been identified with modern Rajauri.Among the grammarians, the earliest referenee to Kashmir is found in Panini's (500 B.C.) "Ashtadhayi" and in Patanjali's great commentary on it. There the term "Kashmir" and its derivation "Kashmira" are stated as the name of the country and its inhabitants, respectively.Among the epics, we find the name of "Kashmir" in the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. The Mahabharata refers in several passages to "Kashmir" and their king, but in a way which merely indicates that the valley was situated in the hilly regions to the north of India. Similarly, some of the Puranas refer to Kashmir in the list of northern nations.
Kashmir in Sanskrit

महाभारत के अनुसार, कंबोजों ने महाकाव्य काल के दौरान कश्मीर पर शासन किया था, जो कि राजधानी कर्ण-राजापुरम-गतवा-कंबोजाह-निर्जितवास्तव से सरकार की गणतंत्रीय प्रणाली थी। राजापुरा को छोटा किया गया, जिसे आधुनिक राजौरी के रूप में पहचाना गया।व्याकरणविदों के बीच, कश्मीर का सबसे पहला संदर्भ पाणिनी (500 ईसा पूर्व) "अष्टाध्यायी" और उस पर पतंजलि की महान टिप्पणी में मिलता है। वहां "कश्मीर" और इसकी व्युत्पत्ति "कश्मीरा" शब्द को क्रमशः देश और उसके निवासियों के नाम के रूप में कहा जाता है।महाकाव्यों में, हमें रामायण और महाभारत में "कश्मीर" का नाम मिलता है। महाभारत "कश्मीर" और उनके राजा के लिए कई मार्गों को संदर्भित करता है, लेकिन एक तरह से जो केवल इंगित करता है कि घाटी भारत के उत्तर में पहाड़ी क्षेत्रों में स्थित थी। इसी प्रकार, कुछ पुराण उत्तरी राष्ट्रों की सूची में कश्मीर का उल्लेख करते हैं।

Varahmihra (C.A.D. 500), in his Brahtsamhita, includes the Kashmiras in the north-eastern division of the other tribes who lived in this region. He mentions the Abhisaras, Daradas, Darvas, Khashas, Kiras, etc., the tribes which are known from other sources to have inhabited Kashmir and its neighbouring regions in historical periods. Harasha, a famous poet (7th Century A.D.), in his "Ratnavali" (drama), refers to the saffron of the Kashmira country, which was best of all types of saffrons, both in colour and in scent.
वराहमिहिर (C.A.D. 500), ने अपनी ब्राह्मसंहिता में, इस क्षेत्र में रहने वाले अन्य जनजातियों के उत्तर-पूर्वी विभाजन में कश्मीरियों को शामिल किया। उन्होंने अभिसार, दारदास, दरवेश, खाश, किरास, आदि का उल्लेख किया है, जिन जातियों को अन्य स्रोतों से जाना जाता है उन्होंने ऐतिहासिक काल में कश्मीर और उसके पड़ोसी क्षेत्रों का निवास किया था। हरशा, एक प्रसिद्ध कवि (7 वीं शताब्दी ईस्वी), अपने "रत्नावली" (नाटक) में, कश्मीरा देश के भगवा को संदर्भित करता है, जो सभी प्रकार के भगवा रंग और गंध दोनों में सबसे अच्छा था।हरश, एक प्रसिद्ध कवि (7 वीं शताब्दी ईस्वी), अपने "रत्नावली" (नाटक) में, कश्मीरा देश के केसर (ज़ाफ़रान) को संदर्भित करता है, जो सभी प्रकार के केसर (ज़ाफ़रान) रंग और गंध दोनों में सबसे अच्छा था।

Later, the Panchalas are stated to have established their sway. The name Peer Panjal, which is a part of modern Kashmir, is a witness to this fact. Panjal is simply a distorted form of the Sanskritic tribal term Panchala. The Muslims prefixed the word peer to it in memory of Siddha Faqir and the name thereafter is said to have changed into Peer Panjal. According to legend, Jammu was founded by Hindu King Raja Jambu Lochan in the 14th century BC. During one of his hunting campaigns he reached the Tawi River where he saw a goat and a lion drinking water at the same place. The king was impressed and decided to set up a town after his name, Jamboo. With the passage of time, the name was corrupted and became "Jammu".
बाद में, पंचालों के बारे में कहा जाता है कि उन्होंने अपना बोलबाला स्थापित किया। पीर पंजाल नाम, जो आधुनिक कश्मीर का एक हिस्सा है, इस तथ्य का साक्षी है। पंजाल केवल संस्कृत आदिवासी शब्द पंचला का विकृत रूप है। मुसलमानों ने सिद्ध फ़कीर की याद में इसके लिए पीर शब्द का उपसर्ग किया और उसके बाद नाम पीर पंजाल में बदल दिया। किंवदंती के अनुसार, जम्मू की स्थापना 14 वीं शताब्दी ईसा पूर्व में हिंदू राजा राजा जम्बू लोचन ने की थी। अपने एक शिकार अभियान के दौरान वे तवी नदी पर पहुँचे जहाँ उन्होंने एक बकरी और एक शेर को उसी स्थान पर पानी पीते देखा। राजा प्रभावित हुआ और उसने अपने नाम के बाद एक शहर बसाने की ठान ली। समय बीतने के साथ, नाम भ्रष्ट हो गया और "जम्मू" बन गया।
The Nilamata Purana (नीलमत पुराण) (is an ancient text (6th to 8th century AD)) describes the Valley's origin from the waters, a fact corroborated by prominent geologists, and shows how the name of the land was derived from the process of desiccation–Ka means "water" and Shimir means "to desiccate” from Kashmir which contains information on its history, geography, religion, and folklore).The earliest Sanskrit literature of the valley so far known is the Nilmat Purana. According to the opinion of Dr. Buhler, a famous German Indologist: "It is a real mine of information regarding the sacred places of Kashmir and their legends". Besides, the reference to worships prescribed by "Nila" and observed by the people, the work dilates upon such various topics as the Principal Nagas or sacred springs of Kashmir, the origin of the "Mahapadamsara" (present Wular Lake), places dedicated to Shiva and Vishnu, the sacred river confluences and lakes, the chief pilgrimages of the land and in the end upon the sanctity of the Vitasta.
नीलमत पुराण, (एक प्राचीन ग्रन्थ (छठी से आठवीं शताब्दी ईस्वी सन्) है) में घाटी की उत्पत्ति का वर्णन जल से किया गया है, एक तथ्य जो प्रमुख भूवैज्ञानिकों द्वारा स्वीकृत है, और यह दर्शाता है कि किस प्रकार भूमि का नाम विलोपन की प्रक्रिया से उत्पन्न हुआ था "का" का अर्थ है "पानी" और "शिमिर" का अर्थ है कश्मीर से "उजाड़ना" जिसमें इसके इतिहास, भूगोल, धर्म और लोकगीतों के बारे में जानकारी शामिल है)। घाटी का अब तक का सबसे पहला संस्कृत साहित्य नीलामत पुराण के अनुसार है। एक प्रसिद्ध जर्मन इंडोलॉजिस्ट डॉ। बुहलर की राय: "यह कश्मीर के पवित्र स्थानों और उनके किंवदंतियों के बारे में जानकारी की एक वास्तविक खान है।" इसके अलावा, "निला" द्वारा निर्धारित पूजाओं और लोगों द्वारा मनाए गए कार्यों का संदर्भ है। कश्मीर के प्रमुख नागाओं या पवित्र झरनों, "महापद्मसर" (वर्तमान वुलर झील), शिव और विष्णु को समर्पित स्थान, पवित्र नदी संगम और झीलों के लिए समर्पित स्थानों के रूप में इस तरह के विभिन्न विषयों पर फैला है|

The Kashmiris, however, call it Kashir, which has been derived phonetically from Kashmir. The Ancient Greeks called it as Kasperia. Kashyapa-pura, which has been identified with Kaspapyros of Hecataeus Kashmir is also believed to be the country meant by Ptolemy's Kaspeiria. Cashmere is an archaic spelling of present-Kashmir, and in some countries, it is still spelled this way.
हालाँकि, कश्मीरी इसे कशीर कहते हैं, जो कश्मीर से ध्वन्यात्मक (ध्‍वनिविज्ञान की दृश्टि से) रूप से लिया गया है। प्राचीन यूनानियों ने इसे कास्पेरिया कहा "कश्यप-पुर, जिसकी पहचान हेकाटेउस कश्मीर के कैसपायरोस के साथ की गई है, यह भी माना जाता है कि टॉलेमी के कास्पिरिया का मतलब देश है। कश्मीरी वर्तमान कश्मीर की एक पुरातन वर्तनी है, और कुछ देशों में अभी भी इस तरह से वर्तनी है" |
In 326 BCE, Porus asked Abisares, the king of Kashmir, to aid him against Alexander the Great in the Battle of Hydaspes.  During the reign of Ashoka (304–232 BCE), Kashmir became a part of the Maurya Empire and Buddhism was introduced in Kashmir. During this period, many stupas, some shrines dedicated to Shiva, and the city of Srinagari (Srinagar) were built.
326 ईसा पूर्व में, पोरस ने सिंधु की लड़ाई में सिकंदर के खिलाफ सहायता करने के लिए कश्मीर के राजा, अबिसारेस से पूछा। उन्होंने सिकंदर के खिलाफ पोरस की मदद करने से इनकार कर दिया।  अशोक (304-232 ईसा पूर्व) के शासनकाल के दौरान, कश्मीर मौर्य साम्राज्य का हिस्सा बन गया और कश्मीर में बौद्ध धर्म की शुरुआत हुई। इस अवधि के दौरान, कई स्तूप, शिव को समर्पित कुछ मंदिर और श्रीनगरी (श्रीनगर) शहर बनाए गए।


Hinduism and Buddhism in Kashmir:
Abhinavagupta (950–1020 CE) was one of India's greatest philosophers, mystics and aestheticians. He was also considered an important musician, poet, dramatist, exeget, theologian, and logician – a polymathic personality who exercised strong influences on Indian culture. He was born in the Kashmir Valley.
अभिनवगुप्त (950–1020 CE) भारत के महान दार्शनिकों, मनीषियों और सौंदर्यशास्त्रियों में से एक थे। उन्हें एक महत्वपूर्ण संगीतकार, कवि, नाटककार, एक्सगेट, धर्मशास्त्री और तर्कशास्त्री भी माना जाता था - एक बहुरूपी व्यक्तित्व जिसने भारतीय संस्कृति पर प्रभाव डाला। उनका जन्म कश्मीर घाटी में हुआ था।
Kanishka (127–151 CE), an emperor of the Kushan dynasty, conquered Kashmir and established the new city of Kanishkapur. By the fourth century, Kashmir became a seat of learning for both Buddhism and Hinduism.

कुषाण वंश के एक सम्राट कनिष्क (127–151 CE) ने कश्मीर पर विजय प्राप्त की और कनिष्कपुर के नए शहर की स्थापना की। चौथी शताब्दी तक, कश्मीर बौद्ध और हिंदू धर्म दोनों के लिए सीखने का स्थान बन गया।
Kumārajīva (343–413 CE) was among the renowned Kashmiri scholars who traveled to China. He influenced the Chinese emperor Yao Xing and spearheaded translation of many Sanskrit works into Chinese at the Chang'an monastery. Buddhist tradition holds that Kanishka held the Fourth Buddhist council in Kashmir, in which celebrated scholars such as Ashvagosha, Nagarjuna and Vasumitra took part. By the fourth century, Kashmir became a seat of learning for both Buddhism and Hinduism. Kashmiri Buddhist missionaries helped spread Buddhism to Tibet and China and from the fifth century CE, pilgrims from these countries started visiting Kashmir.



कुमारजीव (343–413 CE) प्रसिद्ध कश्मीरी विद्वानों में से थे जिन्होंने चीन की यात्रा की। उन्होंने चीनी सम्राट याओ जिंग को प्रभावित किया और चांगान मठ में कई संस्कृत कृतियों का चीनी भाषा में अनुवाद किया।बौद्ध परंपरा यह मानती है कि कनिष्क ने कश्मीर में चौथी बौद्ध परिषद का आयोजन किया, जिसमें अश्वघोष, नागार्जुन और वसुमित्र जैसे विद्वानों ने भाग लिया। चौथी शताब्दी तक, कश्मीर बौद्ध और हिंदू धर्म दोनों के लिए सीखने का स्थान बन गया। कश्मीरी बौद्ध मिशनरियों ने बौद्ध धर्म को तिब्बत और चीन तक फैलाने में मदद की और पाँचवीं शताब्दी ईस्वी सन् से इन देशों के तीर्थयात्री कश्मीर की यात्रा करने लगे।


Hepthalites (White Huns) under Toramana crossed over the Hindukush mountains and conquered large parts of western India including Kashmir. His son Mihirakula (c. 502–530 CE) led a military campaign to conquer all of North India. He was opposed by Baladitya in Magadha and eventually defeated by Yasodharman in Malwa.After the defeat, Mihirakula returned to Kashmir where he led a coup on the king. He then conquered of Gandhara where he committed many atrocities on Buddhists and destroyed their shrines. Influence of the Huns faded after Mihirakula's death.

तोरमाणा के अंतर्गत हेपटेलाइट्स (व्हाइट हूण) हिंदुकुश पर्वतों के पार गए और कश्मीर सहित पश्चिमी भारत के बड़े हिस्से को जीत लिया। उनके पुत्र मिहिरकुल (502–530 CE) ने पूरे उत्तर भारत को जीतने के लिए एक सैन्य अभियान का नेतृत्व किया। वह मगध में बालादित्य द्वारा विरोध किया गया था और अंततः मालवा में यशोधर्मन द्वारा पराजित हुआ।हार के बाद, मिहिरकुला, कश्मीर लौट आया जहां उसने राजा पर तख्तापलट किया। उसने तब गांधार पर विजय प्राप्त की जहां उसने बौद्धों पर कई अत्याचार किए और उनके मंदिरों को नष्ट कर दिया। मिहिरकुला की मृत्यु के बाद हूणों का प्रभाव फीका पड़ गया।

Gandhari (Sanskrit: गांधारी, lit. A girl from Gandhara) is a prominent character in the Hindu epic the Mahabharata. She was a princess of Gandhara and the wife of Dhritrashtra, the blind king of Hastinapura, and the mother of a hundred sons, the Kauravas. As a pativratha (devoted wife) without parallel, Gandhari is regarded as an epitome of virtue, and is among the most respected moral forces in the epic. She was not only married to a blind man, but at the time of her wedding, she resolved to spend the remainder of her life as a blind woman herself, in order to share the debility and pain of her husband. For the rest of her life, she kept a cloth tied to her eyes and thus deprived herself of the power of sight. At certain critical junctures, she gave advice to her husband which was impeccable from a moral standpoint; she never wavered in her adherence to dharma (righteousness), even to a very bitter end. 
गांधारी महाभारत की एक पात्र हैं। वो महाराज धृतराष्ट्र की पत्नी थी और प्रमुख खलनायक दुर्योधन की माँ थीं। गांधारी देख सकती थीं लेकिन पति के आँखों से विकलांग होने के कारण उन्होंने खुद की आँखों पर भी हमेशा के लिए एक पट्टी बाँध ली थी। महाभारत के अनुसार वो सौ पुत्रों की माता थीं। समानांतर के बिना एक पतिव्रत (समर्पित पत्नी) के रूप में, गांधारी को पतिव्रत गुण का प्रतीक माना जाता है, और महाकाव्य में सबसे सम्मानित नैतिक लोगों में से एक है। उसने न केवल एक अंधे आदमी से शादी की थी, बल्कि अपनी शादी के समय, उसने अपने जीवन की शेष राशि को एक नेत्रहीन महिला के रूप में खर्च करने का संकल्प लिया, ताकि वह अपने पति की दुर्दशा और दर्द को साझा कर सके। अपने जीवन के बाकी समय के लिए, उसने अपनी आँखों से एक कपड़ा बांध रखा था और इस तरह खुद को दृष्टि की शक्ति से वंचित कर लिया। कुछ महत्वपूर्ण बिंदुओं पर, उसने अपने पति को सलाह दी जो नैतिक दृष्टिकोण से त्रुटिहीन था; वह अपने धर्म (धार्मिकता) के पालन में कभी नहीं रुकी, यहाँ तक कि बहुत कड़वे अंत तक भी।
After seventh century, significant developments took place in Kashmiri Hinduism. In the centuries that followed, Kashmir produced many poets, philosophers, and artists who contributed to Sanskrit literature and Hindu religion. Among notable scholars of this period was Vasugupta (c. 875–925 CE) who wrote the Shiva Sutras which laid the foundation for a monistic Shaiva system called Kashmir Shaivism. Dualistic interpretation of Shaiva scripture was defeated by Abhinavagupta (c. 975–1025 CE) who wrote many philosophical works on Kashmir Shaivism. Kashmir Shaivism was adopted by the common masses of Kashmir and strongly influenced Shaivism in Southern India.

सातवीं शताब्दी के बाद, कश्मीरी हिंदू धर्म में महत्वपूर्ण विकास हुए। इसके बाद की शताब्दियों में, कश्मीर ने कई कवियों, दार्शनिकों और कलाकारों का उत्पादन किया जिन्होंने संस्कृत साहित्य और हिंदू धर्म में योगदान दिया।  इस काल के उल्लेखनीय विद्वानों में वसुगुप्त (c। 875–925 CE) थे, जिन्होंने शिव सूत्र लिखा, जिसमें कश्मीर शैववाद नामक एक अद्वैत शैव प्रणाली की नींव रखी। अभिनव शास्त्र की द्वैतवादी व्याख्या अभिनवगुप्त (सी। 975–1025 सीई) ने पराजित की, जिन्होंने कश्मीर शैव धर्म पर कई दार्शनिक रचनाएँ लिखीं। कश्मीर शैववाद को कश्मीर की आम जनता ने अपनाया और दक्षिण भारत में शैववाद को बहुत प्रभावित किया।

Muslim rule:
During the reign of Sehadeva (1301), a Tatar chief Dulucha invaded Kashmir and ravaged it. King Sehadeva fled the country and his general Ramachandra occupied the throne.
सहदेव (1301) के शासनकाल के दौरान, एक तातार प्रमुख दुलुचा ने कश्मीर पर आक्रमण किया और इसे तबाह कर दिया। राजा सहदेव देश छोड़कर भाग गए और उनके सेनापति रामचंद्र ने राजगद्दी पर कब्जा कर लिया।
In the confusion Rinchan (reigned 1320–23), the Ladhaki prince, organised an internal rising and seized the throne. He married Kota Rani, the daughter of Ramachandra. The Hindu religious leaders of the time refused to admit into their fold. Rinchan embraced Islam and took Muslim name of Sultan Sadruddin. He was attacked by rebels and was badly wounded and died in 1323 A.D. Just before his death Sultan Sadruddin (Rinchan) summoned his trusted minister, Shah Mir, and entrusted his son, Hyder, and wife, Kotarani, to his care. After the death of Rinchan, who was assassinated, Kotarani married Udayanadeva, the brother of Sehadava.
The last Hindu ruler of Kashmir was Udyanadeva. It was his chief Queen Kota Rani, who practically governed the state. She was a very brave, shrewd and an able ruler. Though she tried her best to save her kingdom, odds were too heavy for her. The Kashmir Valley was again invaded by a Mongol-Turk invader Achalla, and Udayanadeva fled to Tibet. But the Queen defeated (killed) Achalla and drove away all the foreign troops.
Finally in this age of chaos Shah Mir organized an uprising against Queen Kota Rani and defeated her at Jayapur (modern Sumbal). she stabbed herself to death, because Shah Mir wanted to marry her. Her death in 1339 paved the way for the establishment of Shah Mir dynasty rule in Kashmir.
Shams-ud-Din Shah Mir (1339–42) was a ruler of Kashmir and the founder of the Shah Miri dynasty named after him. He was the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir and founder of the Shah Mir Dynasty. Jonaraja, in his Dvitīyā Rājataraṅginī mentioned him as Sahamera. He came from sawat according to some sources.



Joanaraja, a Kashmiri historian of the Medieval period recorded Shah Mir's forefathers were Kshatriya descended from Arjuna whose ancestors had taken up Islam. This was further recorded by Abu'l Fzal in the Akbarnama and Farishta.
Mughal general Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat, a member of ruling family in Kashgar, invaded Kashmir in 1540 CE on behalf of emperor Humayun. Persecution of Shias, Shafi'is, and Sufis and instigation by Suri kings led to a revolt which overthrew Dughlat's rule in Kashmir. Kashmir did not witness direct Mughal rule till the reign of Mughal king Akbar.
 Nadir Shah's invasion of India in 1738 CE further weakened Mughal control over Kashmir. In 1753, Abdul Khan Isk Aquasi, a general in Ahmed Shah Abdali's army, invaded Kashmir and established rule of the Durrani Empire of Afghanistan. Afghan rule in Kashmir was extremely cruel and oppressive, particularly for the Hindus. Locals were extorted from, captured and forced into slavery during this period. Dominance of Afghans declined after Ahmed Shah Abdali's death in 1772, but they ruled Kashmir for another 47 years. 
In 1819, the Kashmir valley passed from the control of the Durrani Empire of Afghanistan, and four centuries of Muslim rule under the Mughals and the Afghans, to the conquering armies of the Sikhs under Ranjit Singh of Lahore.
After a famine in 1832, the Sikhs reduced the land tax to half the produce of the land and also began to offer interest-free loans to farmers; Kashmir became the second highest revenue earner for the Sikh empire. During this time Kashmiri shawls became known world wide, attracting many buyers especially in the west.
Earlier, in 1780, after the death of Ranjit Deo, the Raja of Jammu, the kingdom of Jammu (to the south of the Kashmir valley) was also captured by the Sikhs and afterwards, until 1846, became a tributary to the Sikh power. Ranjit Deo's grandnephew, Gulab Singh, subsequently sought service at the court of Ranjit Singh, distinguished himself in later campaigns, especially the annexation of the Kashmir valley, and, for his services, was appointed governor of Jammu in 1820. With the help of his officer, Zorawar Singh, Gulab Singh soon captured for the Sikhs the lands of Ladakh and Baltistan to the east and north-east, respectively, of Jammu.

In 1845, the First Anglo-Sikh War broke out, and Gulab Singh "contrived to hold himself aloof till the battle of Sobraon (1846), when he appeared as a useful mediator and the trusted advisor of Sir Henry Lawrence.
Two treaties were concluded. By the first the State of Lahore (i.e. West Punjab) handed over to the British, as equivalent for (rupees) ten million of indemnity, the hill countries between Beas and Indus; by the second the British made over to Gulab Singh for (Rupees) 7.5 million all the hilly or mountainous country situated to the east of Indus and west of Ravi" (i.e. the Vale of Kashmir). 
The Treaty of Amritsar freed Gulab Singh from obligations towards the Sikhs and made him the Maharajah of Jammu and Kashmir.
The Dogras' loyalty came in handy to the British during the revolt of 1857 which challenged British rule in India. Dogras refused to provide sanctuary to mutineers, allowed English women and children to seek asylum in Kashmir and sent Kashmiri troops to fight on behalf of the British. British in return rewarded them by securing the succession of Dogra rule in Kashmir. Soon after Gulab Singh's death in 1857, his son, Ranbir Singh, added the emirates of Hunza, Gilgit and Nagar to the kingdom.
British rule in India ended in 1947 with the creation of new states: the Dominion of Pakistan and the Union of India, as the successor states to British India. The British Paramountcy over the 562 Indian princely states ended.
According to the Indian Independence Act 1947, "the suzerainty of His Majesty over the Indian States lapses, and with it, all treaties and agreements in force at the date of the passing of this Act between His Majesty and the rulers of Indian States". States were thereafter left to choose whether to join India or Pakistan or to remain independent. 
1931: The movement against the repressive Maharaja Hari Singh begins. It is brutally suppressed by the State forces. Hari Singh is part of a Dogra dynasty, ruling over a majority Muslim State. The predominantly Muslim population was kept poor, illiterate and was not adequately represented in the State's services.
The Glancy Commission appointed by the Maharaja publishes a report in April 1932, confirming the existence of the grievances of the State's subjects and suggests recommendations providing for adequate representation of Muslims in the State's services; Maharaja accepts these recommendations but delays implementation, leading to another agitation in 1934
1932: All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference founded by Sheikh Abdullah in collaboration with Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas to fight for the rights of State's Muslims.
1937: Sheikh Abdullah's first meeting with Jawaharlal Nehru in a Lahore railway station.
1938: Sheikh Abdullah renames Muslim Conference to National Conference and throws it open to people of all religions.
23 March 1940: The Lahore Resolution is proposed by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and seconded by Sikandar Hayat Khan and Fazlul Haq. There is no mention of "Pakistan", an acronym invented by Chaudhury Rehmat Ali in England, but the Lahore Resolution later becomes known as the Pakistan Resolution.
1941: Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas breaks off from National Conference and revives the old Muslim Conference. The Muslim Conference becomes a client of the Jinnah-led Muslim League.

Summer 1944: Mohammad Ali Jinnah visits Kashmir, supports Muslim Conference in preference to National Conference.
May 1946: Sheikh Abdullah launches the "Quit Kashmir" movement against the Maharaja. He is arrested. Jawaharlal Nehru attempts to go to Kashmir to defend Abdullah. He is arrested and forced to leave the State.
October 1946: Muslim Conference launches a `Campaign of Action' demanding the end of autocratic rule by the Maharaja. Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas imprisond.

19 June: Lord Mountbatten visits Kashmir for 5 days to persuade the Maharaja to accede to India or Pakistan. Maharaja shows reluctance.
22 July: The Muslim Conference declares in favour of the State's accession to Pakistan.
23 July: State's Prime Minister Ram Chandra Kak visits Delhi for 5 days, meeting Mountbatten as well as the political leaders of Congress and Muslim League. He explains that the State has decided not to accede to either Dominion.
1 August: Mahatma Gandhi visits the Maharaja; impresses upon him the need to be prompt in deciding on the State's accession. The Gilgit Agency is transferred by the British to the Maharaja.
11 August: Maharaja dismisses Prime Minister Ram Chandra Kak and replaces him with the retired Major Janak Singh.
11–13 August: Partition violence erupts in Sialkot, driving the surviving Hindus and Sikhs to Jammu.
14–15 August: Independence and Partition of British India into India and Pakistan. Kashmir signs Standstill Agreement with Pakistan. India requests further discussions for a Standstill agreement.
18 August: In one of the worst train massacres of Partition, Lohars and 'Kashmiris' of Nizamabad kill all the Hindu and Sikh passengers of Wazirabad-Jammu train. http://www.dawn.com/news/668382/excerpt-stories-of-an-unacknowledged-massacre.